Preterit vs Participe passe — Ne plus jamais confondre
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Demandez-vous : y a-t-il un marqueur temporel precis ?
Si oui (yesterday, last week, in 2020, ago...) → direction le preterit.
Exemple : I saw him yesterday. → Preterit (marqueur precis).
L'action a-t-elle un effet actuel ? Un resultat visible maintenant ? Une experience pertinente ?
Si oui → present perfect + participe passe.
Exemple : I have lost my keys. → Resultat actuel (je ne les ai toujours pas).
Preterit = V2 seul (went, saw, took) — pas d'auxiliaire en affirmation.
Participe passe = V3 apres un auxiliaire (have gone, was seen, had taken).
Reformulez la phrase avec l'autre temps. Si le sens change, vous avez le bon choix.
I went to Paris. (fait date, passe) vs I have gone to Paris. (j'y suis encore/experience)
| # | Regle |
|---|---|
| 1 | Marqueur temporel precis = PRETERIT |
| 2 | Apres have/has/had = PARTICIPE PASSE (V3) |
| 3 | Voix passive = BE + PARTICIPE PASSE (V3) |
| 4 | Apres DID = BASE VERBALE (pas V2 !) |
| 5 | Verbes reguliers : meme forme pour preterit et PP |
| Erreur | Correction |
|---|---|
| I have went | I have gone |
| He has saw | He has seen |
| She has took | She has taken |
| Did you went? | Did you go? |
| It was broke | It was broken |
| I have ate | I have eaten |
Completez avec la bonne forme (preterit ou participe passe) :
| Base | Preterit (V2) | PP (V3) |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | gone |
| see | saw | seen |
| take | took | taken |
| write | wrote | written |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| break | broke | broken |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| give | gave | given |
| drive | drove | driven |
| know | knew | known |
| fly | flew | flown |
| begin | began | begun |
| do | did | done |
| buy | bought | bought |
| think | thought | thought |
| find | found | found |
| make | made | made |
| put | put | put |
| cut | cut | cut |